Henry Nathan Kenyon: Family Man and Farmer

A couple years ago a distant Kenyon cousin sent me a biography of Henry N. Kenyon’s life. Ken K.’s grandfather was Raymond Kenyon, brother to Henry Nathan and he has written such a personal life history, rather than have you suffer through my ramblings this month, I would like to share it with you. Additionally, I added my own notes in order for you to follow the lineage.

Doc - Oct 26 2018 - 5-58 AM.jpg

Henry N. Kenyon and his wife, Mary A. (Fuller).

“Henry spent his early life on his parent’s farm near Hamlin, New York. He also most likely spent a few years living along the Erie Canal a few miles away in Brockport after his father gave up farming and moved there. He moved to Holland, Michigan as a teenager with his three sisters and parents, Nathan Henry and Susanna. Holland was a town heavily populated with Dutch immigrants and the Dutch normally kept to themselves but Henry became good friends with them; a friendship that continued throughout his life. At first Henry farmed around Holland, but the soil there was very sandy and poorly suited for farming so he moved around 1899-1900 to Ionia County. As the soil there was very good for farming, he convinced the Huizenga family to move from Holland and soon many Dutch families followed. He first lived on Bippley Road near Sunfield working for a prominent farmer (?Merrifield), and then in 1914 purchased a farm and moved a few miles away to Emery Road in Sebewa Township, now 5288 Emery Road. He was able to pay off the mortgage sometime in the 1920’s.

He was a successful farmer and raised a large family many of whom remained throughout their lives in close proximity to each other on nearby farms of their own. Henry and Mary’s (my note: Mary Fuller Kenyon daughter of the John H. Fuller) home became the social center for the family until their deaths. This was also a gathering place for his many Dutch friends on Sundays, where they would all sit on the back porch visiting and speaking Dutch. All the family Christmas celebrations were held there. My mother (my note: Katherine E. Kenyon daughter of Henry and Mary’s son, Raymond V. 1890-1974) said that around 100 people would show up for Christmas dinner. The family had to eat in three shifts; first the children were fed upstairs, then the men had dinner in the dining room and finally the women would eat after the men finished. They each drew one name for Christmas gifts and the cost was not to exceed twenty five cents. After the gifts were exchanged Henry would have all the children line up and each would be given a crisp new one dollar bill, which was a huge amount to children in the 1920’s (my note: worth about $12.00 now). One Christmas there was a bad snowstorm. Because the Peabodys (Susie Kenyon Peabody) (my note: sister to my great great grandmother Martha Kenyon Hiller) lived down a road that would be difficult to get out of everyone assumed that they would not make it. Just before dinner they heard the sining of Christmas carols outside as the Peabodys arrived all bundled up in a horse drawn sleigh. It was a difficult trip but they were not about to miss a family Christmas gathering. This is a testimony to the fact that this was a very close family.

Henry also had a fondness for oysters and every year on his birthday all the family would come and they would buy oysters and celebrate with an oyster dinner. An old homemade movie was found that shows him eating oyster stew as well as running a team of horses on the farm. In addition to growing crops on the farm, he would buy cattle and raise them. Each year he would drive the cattle up north to sell. My mother, Katherine, tells of riding along as a child in a horse drawn buggy as the cattle were driven through Ionia on the way north.

Henry plowing his field and enjoying oyster stew!

My mother says that he was always well dressed in a vest, white shirt and tie whenever he went out. He would dress this way whenever he drove his horse and buggy the six miles or so to town on business. Even after most everyone had cars he would still go to town or visiting in his horse and buggy. My mother said that he was always a congenial, friendly gentleman. The two were very fond of each other and when my mother graduated from high school he gave her a ring and bracelet. She lost the ring but always cherished the bracelet.

He was also very tolerant of my mother’s pranks. On several occasions when her cousin Jimmy Glover (my note: Jimmy was the son of Dorothy Kenyon Glover) was visiting from Dearborn they would borrow a large glass jar from Florence (my note: Florence Kenyon Keefer) and take it down to the creek that ran through the farm. They would spend the day catching frogs in a pond formed by the stream and fill the jar with them. They would take them to her grandfather’s horse trough and dump them in. They would hide and wait for him to come in from the fields and bring the horses to drink. The horses, frightened by the frogs, would rear up and refuse to drink. After a lot of cursing he had to pull all the frogs out and toss them on the ground. He never said anything to them but after a few times Aunt Florence refused to give them the jar anymore so he probably said something to her.

He worked the farm all his life and was still farming until a week before his death from pneumonia. Many people attended his funeral. In addition to the large Kenyon family and friends, many Dutch travelled from Holland and the surround area to pay their respects. The funeral was held at his house and there were so many people that the house, porch and yard were full and cars were lined up down the road”.

I once heard someone saythat “genealogy is a contact sport” and it’s so true. Without reaching out to family members, whether distant or close, opportunities will be lost to find great stories and movies like these. I still remember the day Janis Kenyon welcomed me into her home for lunch and stories of Kenyon family history. While watching the home movie I was struck with the realization of how much the untimely death of my great-great grandmother Martha Kenyon Hiller must have affected this close knit family and, likewise, my grandfather Don Hiller who was only four years old. Although he did visit the Kenyons on and off over the years, I’m sure the relationship would have been much different had his mother not died so young.


My Collection of Family Prayer Cards

I received the first four prayer cards at each of my grandparents’ funerals. The fifth is my uncle and the remainder are all either great grandparents or great aunts and uncles. These cards have all been given to me by family members. Click a card to see a larger image.

For anyone not familiar, prayer cards also known as holy cards are about the size of a playing card and contain a religious scene or saint on one side and a prayer on the other. In the case of “In Memoriam Cards” given at Catholic funerals, the type of prayer cards I have, there is also information about the deceased person such as date of birth, death, sometimes burial date and place as well as serve as a keepsake and reminder of the loved one. Because of their compactness, the cards are handy to transport in a wallet, prayer book or bible and are used as personal devotionals. As a child, I remember my aunt’s prayer book stuffed with prayer cards bound by a rubber band, resembling a stack of baseball cards, and thinking, “that’s a lot of dead people”. Before mass she would take them out of her prayer book and look through them while praying.

However, for purposes of genealogy, funeral cards contain important information especially if you have no obituary or death certificate. Using the dates of death, funeral home or church name will help you obtain the above items. For example, if the date of death or location of an ancestor is unknown but you have the funeral card, use “Google” to find the location of the funeral home/church. Then check the local library in that city and using the microfilm you are able to narrow your obituary search using the date of death from the prayer card. The reference desk at most libraries will do obituary searches if you are unable to travel there but you must have the date of death. Just phone or email them. Likewise, with the exact date of death it will be much easier to obtain the death certificate from the county clerk, which always contains interesting information as well.

In closing, if any of my extended family have additional prayer cards that are not shown here I would love to add them just send me a scanned photo of the front and back. Thanks!

Y-DNA Research for Atwell/Stone

This month I'll attempt to get you caught up with my ongoing Y-DNA research. If you remember from ninth grade biology class, the Y chromosome is passed from fathers to their sons and the path that Y-DNA travels is referred to the "patrilineal" line.  Because of this and the fact that the Y chromosome doesn't experience extensive recombination (changing of DNA segments to create unique chromosomes passed down to subsequent generations) make Y-DNA a valuable tool in tracing male lineage and surname. And it is especially helpful in cases of adoption, which happens to be one of my current genealogy brick walls. After submitting a test, the test-taker should receive matches of men who are from the same patrilineal line as well as learning their biogeographical origin.  However, there are limitations as well. The matches might show a common ancestor but  will not prove which man in your patrilineal line is that ancestor.  That's where all the real work starts:  finding other living descendants to test, browsing family trees for common ancestors with your matches and drawing speculative trees for each match.  

In my specific circumstance, my father's grandfather was given up for adoption/fostering in about 1875. His birth name was William Henry Stone and after placement with foster parents became known as William Henry Stone Atwell.  His father's name was Henry B. Stone and his father is a question mark.

A few years ago, my Dad agreed to submit a Y-DNA test to familytreedna.com and I recently upgraded from the 67 marker test to 111 markers to improve the odds. A marker is a DNA segment either STR (short tandem repeat) or SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) at a designated location.  Basically, two people who are unrelated and share the same repeats on the markers is less a coincidence the higher the number of markers tested. My Dad belongs to Y-DNA haplogroup G-M201 and since some of his matches had further SNP testing he is most likely in the sub-group G-Z42474. (Read more about haplogroup G here.)  His match list confirmed that he is in the Stone DNA match page. For privacy purposes I will not be posting any of his matches' names or their specific match charts.  However, with the help of Diahan at YourDNAGuide she was able to zero in on my 2 BEST matches and where I should begin.  On marker DYS459 my father and 2 other individuals share a mutation that is not seen on the same marker in any of the other matches.  This means that we all share a common ancestor and although I still have not found that common ancestor one match has a line back to Hugh Stone born 1648 in England and died 1732 in Rhode Island. Currently, this individual and I have agreed to share our trees on ancestry.com and are working together. Diahan estimates the common ancestor is 8 generations back.  Doesn't seem far you say? Eight generations means 256 grandparents!  It's a bit daunting.

Moving forward, Diahan gave me a "To Do" list to help me to accomplish my goal of growing my Dad's Y-DNA line:

1.  Find as many descendants as possible of Henry B. Stone to test, priority on second cousins and older generations.

2.  Look for autosomal DNA matches with the Stone men who have been tested. (Autosomal DNA tests are what Ancestry.com and 23andme offer and contain chromosomes 1-22 inherited from both parents. In this case, matches will be both male and female.

3.  Go through my Dad's autosomal match list and mark out any maternal matches, as those are not necessary for this exercise.

4.  Ask the 2nd best match to upgrade his test from 37 markers to 64.  (In this case it's probably not a possibility, unfortunately. Interestingly, his surname as well as my Dad's is not Stone.)

Wish me luck and I will keep you undated as I find new information!

Silver Wedding Anniversary Album

Don and Anne Hiller, July 6, 1935

Don and Anne Hiller, July 6, 1935

Eighty-three years ago, this month, my grandparents Don Hiller and Anne Penne were married. I would like to honor that day and their memory by sharing their 25th wedding anniversary book which was given to me by a family member.  Don and Anne were married on July 6, 1935 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. My grandmother was Catholic however my grandfather was not thus making a church ceremony impossible.  I believe they were married by a priest but not within the church walls but possibly in the rectory (?).  The album has been scanned, cover-to-cover, with the pages kept in exact order.  I hope you really take time to enjoy all this book has to offer; notes, photos, cards and signatures of family members who attended; my Grandma would be delighted.  Her Catholic faith was extremely important to her (Grandpa got on board with this later) and I know she always wished she could have been married in the church with a traditional wedding dress.  Subsequently, anytime they were able to get their vows renewed inside the church, they did!  This day was very special to them both. My Grandpa died exactly 6 months before their 50th wedding anniversary and although I didn't think about that at the time, July 6, 1985 must have been a sad day for my Grandma.  What a party that would have been!! Polka, polka, polka.

As you glimpse through be sure to hover the mouse over the individual pages for any descriptions.  For ease of reading, an excerpt of pages five and six are as follows:

How Our Day Was Spent

July 6, 1960

Our children Don, Mary Anne and Barbara Anne made the anniversary party possible.

"We went to St. John’s Cathedral to Mass and Holy Communion.  It was the mass for the apostolate of suffering.  It was just beautiful.  We shall never forget it.  We came home at 11:45 am and had lunch and then we started to get some lunch ready for a gathering at Penne’s Haven that night.  We invited all the relatives and friends who had anything to do with the 25th anniversary surprise party they gave us on June 26th, 1960, one of the most memorable events in our married life. Everyone present had a grand time. We have never danced so much as we did that night.  We were told we were going to a wedding shower and we were supposed to bake and tend bar (which we did) HaHa.  I wore a beautiful orchid my husband had a boutonniere so did our children Don, Mary Anne, Barbara Anne, Robert and Bill and my Dad Anton Penne.  Of course the girls had pink carnation corsages.  Our very good friends Catherine Lesatz and Mary Christianson were the ones who really started our party but the family, my brothers, sister-in-laws and friends really pitched in helping, baking and cooking, taking care of the bar and other things that made our party a big success. Thanks to all of them and God bless them always.  They will always be remembered in our hearts.  July 9th we had our marriage vows renewed at St. John the Evangelist Church.  Our grandson was also in church with us, bless him. Again, we wore a beautiful orchid and white carnation.  Father Claude also blessed our rings (this is the first ring my Don had and I placed it on the wrong hand).  Our family and Anton Penne, my Dad, all received Holy Communion and took some pictures outside of the church.  Came home to have breakfast then we all went to Penne’s Haven and left our grandson Robert Jeffery with John and Wanda while we all went to the Black Steer to have a delicious steak dinner.  In the evening we went to Arcadian Inn".  Anne Hiller.

 

 

For Fun:

The Black Steer Restaurant.  Grandma mentioned this restaurant when writing "How Our Day Was Spent".

 

 

Billy The Shoeshine Boy

(In honor of Father's Day, I've invited my Dad to be a guest writer this month.  He has consistently shown  interest and support in my genealogy research as well as doing his part by documenting his own life story.  Dad's first self-published book "Remember the Good Times" is an excellent memoir of his personal life while "My Research Journey" documents his professional life as a research chemist.  A novel, a collection of poems as well as an ode to the family cottage round out his writings.  Enjoy his story and poem, our family is so very lucky to have all of these personal remembrances.  Happy Father's Day, Dad!)

 

It was the late 1940’s on the south side of Milwaukee. I was in my early teens. We lived in a rented home that faced the alley, just off of National Avenue between 10th and 11th Streets. They named me William though everyone called me Bill, except my Mom; to her I was always Billy.

From early on I was always trying to do things to earn money for the things I needed, or for the places I wanted to go; like the movies. Usually I took a wagon and went up and down the alley or around the blocks, collecting scrap metal, rags and newspapers. Whatever I collected I had to take across National Avenue, down into “The Valley” to “Joe the Junkman”.

In our area there were numerous taverns, after all, this was Milwaukee. On my block alone there were three taverns. One evening I noted two boys coming out of the corner tavern on 10th Street. When I talked to them I learned they were shining shoes and they showed me their equipment. When I learned how much money they were making I started building my own shoeshine box the next day. It was my own design with a comfortable place for the customers shoe, a nice carrying strap and a compartment for everything I needed. There wasn’t another box like it.

My parents only allowed me to go shoe shining on Friday and Saturday evenings and I had to be home by 9:00 p.m. so I missed a lot of the real big business. My route was limited to up National Avenue to 16th Street and then down to 6th Street and back home. I extended the time later as I got older. My Dad knew many of the tavern owners as he painted activity signs for them and he also patronized their establishments, often taking me along. On a good weekend I could make $5-7 dollars, which was a lot of money at that time. Later I combined selling the tavern owners custom matchbooks with my shoe shining.

 

shoeshine box.jpg

Billy's handmade shoeshine box.

circa 1940's.

More than six decades later I still have that box as well as the memories of my money-making experiences which I immortalized recently in this poem:

 

 

The Shoeshine Boy

 

One Saturday night, two boys I spied,

coming out of a tavern, from the door on the side.

Those boys, I think were a little older,

one had a box with a strap, over his shoulder.

I asked them what the box was for,

one said, we use it when we go in that door.

The customers we ask, if they want a shine,

if yes is the answer, then for the box it’s time.

On the box the customer, places his shoe,

then apply the polish is what you do.

Next use the brush to get part way there,

finally, with the cloth, buff to a glare.

Repeat the above with the other shoe,

then tell the guy, you are through.

A quarter you may get, if he’s pleased with the shine,

or less than a quarter, but at least a dime.

That’s when I decided shoe shining to go,

it seemed a good way to make some dough.

Next day I built a black shoeshine kit,

the edges with brass tacks, I decorated it. 

My box was different, with an angled top,

a comfortable place for a shoe to flop.

The box height and angle the customer knew,

were just what he wanted, for his shoe.

Next Saturday night I went out to shine,

there were plenty of taverns, all in a line.

Along National Avenue, up to 16th Street,

then I crossed over and made my retreat.

All the taverns were, on Saturday nights,

filled with music, smoke and neon lights.

There were three or four, on each block,

closing time was two o’clock.

When I reached 6th Street I crossed over again,

then back to 10th Street I did wend.

My tavern favorites were in my neighborhood,

I visited them twice, if I could.

Just three more to go and the night would be past,

the tavern on the corner would be my last.

“Hey kid, I’m next” I heard a guy scream,

on the jukebox the song was “Goodnight Irene”

I left by the side door, where the kids I first spied,

then half-a-block to my alley, I did stride.

Down the alley another half-a-block,

I’d be in bed by ten o’clock.

Quickly I undressed and put on PJ’s,

then at the desk, counted the money I made.

I don’t remember all the taverns I did work,

but at home on my face, I had a smirk.

This was a way, good money to make,

on weekend nights, I had a good take.

I learned many tricks of the trade,

keep the polish off the socks, if you want to get paid!

There are some things you must master,

to get the real shine that you are after.

The technique of “spit shine” you must capture,

the cloth, you must learn to move faster. 

Though the shine is important, the performance is too,

the customer is watching all that you do.

So when moving the cloth, learn to give it a snap,

the good ones could actually make it “crack”’

Now it sits in the basement, that old box of mine,

most shoes today, don’t need a shine.

Today if into a tavern I went,

I’d come out again, with nary a cent.

The art of shoe shining is virtually gone,

“The Chattanooga Shoeshine Boy” is now just a song.

Yet with fondness I remember, the time way back,

when that cloth, I could really make crack!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Infamous John H. Fuller: The End

While it's been challenging and retrospective, I'm ready to offer the last installment on John H. Fuller-three times great-grandfather and murderer-and move on to other topics.  If you haven't read the other three posts, stop here and go back to the beginning!

As you already know, on October 26, 1875 old man Fuller changed his plea and confessed his part in the murder of Wilson Pound.  However, first let's back up to summer 1875 after his arrest, his arraignment on June 30 and his incarceration while awaiting trial.  The Holland City News was on this story big-time and on July 3, 1875 wrote, "The prisoner in his cell, when he is left alone in his meditations, seems to feel the enormity of his crime and is often heard to burst out into tears and prayer".  Then two weeks later on July 17 "The old man looks like a corpse and his hands and whole body tremble like a person afflicted with delirium tremens.  He has been under arrest but three weeks yet this short time and the "gnawings of the worm that never dies" have rendered such a change perceptible in him that the John H. Fuller of the past would scarcely be recognized.  He is not insane in the full meaning of the term but soon will be either dead or crazy".  This was followed by the July 24 update "J. H. Fuller looked very much better than when we saw him last.  At Grand Haven it is generally believe that his insanity was all put on.  At any rate the cure was something marvelous.  He started out for a ride with the Sheriff.  His groans and lamentations during the drive were terrible...until on approaching the Cutler House he suddenly swung his arms heavenward and said "Oh! the eagle is coming down to carry me off to freedom"-referring to the eagle on top of the hotel.  The sheriff kindly insinuated that his insanity was too transparent and that is would be better for him to drop it and appear "clothed in his right mind".  He has not seen any angels since that hour".  Wow!  I mean gosh, you want to believe he was remorseful but it's just so hard after reading these newspaper stories!

No surprises at the October 29 sentencing of Fuller, imprisonment for life.  He was immediately taken to Jackson Prison by Sheriff Woltman and became known as prisoner #823. I was hoping for a photo when I obtained Fuller's prison records from Archives of Michigan in Lansing however it was not standard procedure at the time.  Fuller would spend the first two weeks in solitary confinement in the basement.  

Eight months later, in 1880, a United Stated Census year, we find him back to his trial shenanigans and listed as "white, male, 60 years of age, widowed and under the "occupation" category-INSANE!  This is highly relevant since most of the other convicts are enumerated with occupations such as barrel maker, wagon maker, carpenter, laborer, etc. as numerous businesses were located on prison grounds (cheap labor).  Of the 816 prisoners on this census, only 12 are listed insane.  Faking insanity could lead to an extremely long and worthless prison existence with plenty of time on your hands.  In fact, enough time to plan a prison escape! 

On May 19, 1880 at 5:00 am old man Fuller did in fact escape however was recaptured just 2 hours later.  Whether or not he was punished further is unknown, but on September 30 he made a second escape and was never recaptured, ever!  He lived the remainder of his life a free man.  

 

Jackson Daily Citizen, September 30, 1880, No. 159, page 4.  Jackson Districk Library Carneige Branch.Yes! Absolutely! Give the man who tried to escape 4 months ago "the run of the corridors"!   "The Nightkeepers Reports" (1882) by Jo…

Jackson Daily Citizen, September 30, 1880, No. 159, page 4.  Jackson Districk Library Carneige Branch.

Yes! Absolutely! Give the man who tried to escape 4 months ago "the run of the corridors"!   

"The Nightkeepers Reports" (1882) by John H. Purvis is a publication of the partial journal Mr. Purvis keep as the nightkeeper of Jackson Prison to inform the warden of the evenings events. Purvis mentions several times that "free men in the shops leave their clothing lying about at quitting time.  He actually warns the warden that "the practice must be stopped" and "the last escapee took clothing like this which greatly aided his getaway".  Maybe that's where Fuller got his hands on "the blue flat-top hat"?

 

 

In 1880 in Jackson, Michigan was a railroad hub having three depots-Michigan Central Railroad Depot Union Station (now called Jackson Station and the oldest, continuously operating passenger train station in the United States), Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad Depot and Fort Wayne & Jackson Railroad Depot and all within 2 miles of the prison.  In fact, the Michigan Central line served the prison and the track ran directly on the west of the it!  Seriously, just yards away!  So, in fact, it probably wasn't hard for Fuller to escape as long as he made it to the train tracks and hopped a car.  

Fuller disappears from all records (with one exception, I will explain later) from the time he escaped until his death in Wisconsin on June 10, 1900 or maybe I should say I just haven't found any more yet.  Curiously, he did not change his name, evident from his death certificate, and last known residence was in a town called Byron, Monroe County. (If you remember, the old man was no stranger to Wisconsin The Infamous John H. Fuller-The Beginning). This small village just happened to all but share a county line with Sauk County his previous residence before removing to Michigan. A little more collateral research on Fuller reveals a sister Julia Wood lived in this same county and is buried near him in the Wood Family Cemetery in Tomah, Monroe County.  Did she know he was a murderer? In 1880, no cars, phones, internet and just newspapers, telegraph and mail it would be hard to know for sure.

Last weekend I located a warranty deed land record from Ottawa County containing the signature of  John H. Fuller, notarized while in prison on March 22, 1876, for the sale of his 160 acres in Holland, Michigan. Interestingly, the land was sold to George C. Stewart, Melvin Fuller's attorney, for the sum of $1,000.  Obviously, someone collected the money from the sale for Fuller, most likely his acquitted son Melvin. One thousand dollars would have been quite a sum to have in your "back pocket" when planning an escape, comparable to almost $23,000 in today's currency.  Would Fuller have risked making Holland his first stop after escape to collect his money?  Would you?  Or just maybe, all that money went to Melvin's defense.  There are so many unanswered questions.

Wilson Pound headstone.jpg

Pilgrim Home Cemetery, Holland, Michigan.

Lastly, I would like to remember the innocent victim, Mr. Wilson Pound, the old bachelor who lived on the shores of the Black Lake spending most of his days fishing and trapping. Regrettably, his final resting place is in the same cemetery in Holland as Melvin Fuller, acquitted...ahem...for his murder. 

 

Next Month:

Guest blogger William H. Atwell

 

 

 

 

The Infamous John H. Fuller, The Beginning

This month, I thought it could be worthwhile to exam John H. Fuller's early life in an attempt to find clues about what may have took him down the path of murder.  As I've been thinking and writing for the last couple months about the murder committed by my third great-grandfather and his son, it's led me to wonder what makes a killer. Is it greed or money and are murderers born or made?   

Genetic sequencing has found a gene in 30% of the male population that is associated with aggressive behavior.  While the gene is found in some convicted murderers it is also found in full-functioning law abiding citizens as well.  The gene alone doesn't create a killer. Brain scans of some, but not all, murderers also show abnormal prefrontal cortex, an area associated with impulse control, the bigger puzzle is trying to figure out how their brains got that way.  We will never know what made John H. Fuller do what he did.  I tend to believe killers are born and made, not exclusive to each other.  Individuals are such complex mixes of their socio-economic situation, upbringing, genetics, lifestyle, personality, etc. that it seems impossible to pinpoint any one mechanism. 

John was born in 1824 in China (town name changed to Arcade in 1866),Wyoming County, New York to Nathaniel and Lydia (Ames) Fuller, one of 12 children. Unfortunately, details of his early childhood are unknown.  John married for the first time, while still residing in New York, in 1843 to Sarah Almia Preston.  He was 18, she 15. Their first child William was born in New York about 1845, followed by Seymour in 1846 and Melvin in 1847.  Finally, a daughter Sarah was born on 14 February 1854 but two days later her mother Sarah died, most likely from infection and complications of childbirth.   John is now a widower with 4 children. However not for long, he marries his sister-in-law, Mary Angeline Preston four months later on June 13, 1854.  

So, if you haven't managed to visualize the timeline yet here is a simpler, extended, version and it gets crazy (new information will be in bold).  Looking at his life events in a timeline I'm struck by the amount of loss John endured and curious if these stressors affected his brain and mental health; although this would never justify murder of another human.  

1843:  John and Sarah marry.

1845:  William born.

1846:  Seymour born.

1854:  Daughter Sarah born, February 14.

1854:  Mother Sarah dies February 16 at age 26. 

1854:  John and Mary marry June 13.

1854-1858:  Family relocates to Dellona, Sauk County, Wisconsin

1858:  John and Mary welcome their only child, Mary Allena (my 2 x great grandmother) June 22.

1859:  William dies at 12 years old.  Cause of death is unknown accident.

1862:  Wife Mary dies on March 13. She was 32.

1863:  John marries Matilda Trowbridge on May 6 in Dellona, Wisconsin.  John's son, Melvin, married Matilda's sister, Jennie, in 1868.

1868:  Seymour dies, aged 22, buried in Pioneer Cemetery, Bluffview, Sauk County, Wisconsin.  Cause of death unknown.

1870- Approximate time the family relocated to Holland, Michigan.

1874:  Wife Matilda dies on 13 December 1874, about 6 months before her husband murders Wilson Pound.

1875:  John Fuller pleads guilty to murder on October 29.

1877:  Daughter Sarah died at the age of 24 on February 14 from "congestion of the brain" (this could mean stroke, infection, brain swelling due to trauma etc.) 

Quite a timeline so far, don't you agree?

1880:  Next Month-The Infamous John H. Fuller-The End.   Find out what happened to John Fuller on September 30!

References:

http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-31714853

https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/technology-science/science/killers-born-murder-gene-scientists-4528684

http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-29760212

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/may/12/how-to-spot-a-murderers-brain

The Infamous John H. Fuller: The Murder

I apologize for the lengthy amount of direct testimony and quotes in this post however I believe it adds an element to this story that I cannot achieve by condensing the evidence.

Summing up the timeline from last month's post,  John H. Fuller had some cattle killed by a train running through Wilson Pound's property sometime in April or May, 1871.  After finding out he would not receive compensation from the railroad for his cattle, John and his son Melvin displaced a large section of the railroad's track on June 14, 1871 and caused a train derailment the next day, June 15, 1871. A complaint was finally made January 18, 1875 (no evidence available as to why this took 4 years) and the judge found probable cause and issued an arrest warrant to John H. Fuller and Melvin C. Fuller.  Father and son were brought before the judge on January 20, 1875 and a hearing date set for the end of April, 1875.  Furthermore,"the said John H. Fuller shall give bond in the sum of $1000 and the said Melvin C. Fuller give bond in the sum of $500 with two sureties each for their appearance at the next term of the circuit court of Ottawa for trial" according to the official court document.  On May 11, 1875 testimony began in the hearing and it was determined there was sufficient evidence to bring the respondents' to trial later in the summer.  This would be the only time Wilson Pound would testify in court because in just 25 days, Mr. Pound would be dead.  Ultimately, poor Mr. Pound knew much more than he alluded to in his initial testimony- he was hidden behind a tree stump and witnessed the Fullers displace the railroad track.  The Fullers somehow found out- "Pound watched Melvin and I when we tore up the railroad track and he was the only man that could send us to Jackson"(1)-and knew this would be his new testimony at the upcoming trial which would then send father and son to prison.

Ottawa County Courthouse, circa 1800's, as it looked during the trial of The People of the State of Michigan vs John H. Fuller & Melvin C. Fuller. Photo courtesy of Loutit District Library in Grand Haven, Michigan.

Ottawa County Courthouse, circa 1800's, as it looked during the trial of The People of the State of Michigan vs John H. Fuller & Melvin C. Fuller. Photo courtesy of Loutit District Library in Grand Haven, Michigan.

This brings us to June 5, 1875.  Mr. Pound was none the wiser when he accepted a fishing invitation from John Fuller, Melvin Fuller and John Watson.  How much John Watson was involved with the planning of the murder is unknown but he certainly was the only man there that day with a conscience.  His knowledge of the deed became a heavy burden on his mind and on June 23 he went to Grand Haven and turned himself in to the prosecuting attorney.  Here is John Watson's testimony at the inquest on July 20, 1875 describing the events of that fateful day:

"My age is 41 years.  Live in the town of Holland. Was acquainted with Wilson Pound; also with John H. and Melvin C. Fuller.  I saw the parties named on Saturday, June 5th last. On that day John Fuller told me he wanted I should hitch up his horse team and go fishing with him.  I told him I would.  It was about 9:00 a.m., says he, you drive up to that little road that goes to where Mr. Pound lives and stop there and I will go and get Mr. Pound to come and go fishing with us; I have seen him and he says he will go with us.  I drove up to that little road and waited for Mr. Pound.  It was before train time coming south, about 9 o'clock in the morning.  Then he came back where I was to the wagon.  He says, Mr. Pound will be here in a few minutes; then you and Mr. Pound go down to Pine Creek bay.  He says I've got to go to Holland on the handcar with the railroad men to see about getting some damage for the cow they had injured on the track (author's note:  this is a recent incident and not related to the 1871 case); then I'll come and meet you at Pine Creek, you and Mr. Pound and Melvin Fuller. Melvin, he told me, was going to get a boat and meet us at Pine Cree bay.  Pound and I started for Fuller's with the horses and wagon.  I had some fish lines in my pocket. After we got to the west side of Pine Creek bay, we went near to the dock and hitched the horses.  Myself and Mr. Pound met him there. He was down on the dock.  Mr. Pound asked him if he had a boat; he said he had.  Mr. Pound got some fish lines out of his pocket and went fishing on the dock for small fish, same as I did.  It was near noon when we got there.  Old Fuller got there an hour after we did.  Melvin Fuller asked Mr. Pound if he didn't want to go out fishing in the boat.  Pound said he didn't care if he did, Melvin and Pound went in the boat.  I did not see as they took anything out of the wagon before they went out this time.  The old man was on the dock fishing with me while they were gone.  Then Melvin Fuller and Pound came back; they were gone probably from half an hour to an hour.  We stayed on the dock a little while.  When they went out the second time they took that axe and spear and a handle to it.  I saw the gun lay on the woodpile afterwards.  In a little while they all went out together in the boat fishing.  Fuller and I talked about our fishing on the dock.  he said he had no luck.  Old man Fuller asked me to go with them and Melvin said, you have better come along.  I said "no" there is enough for that little boat.  Old man Fuller put the axe in the boat.  John H. Fuller, Mr. Pound and Melvin C. Fuller got into the boat and went off, they went up towards Pine Creek, up the bay.  From where I sat the boat passed up the bay till they got behind some grass and got out of my sight.  I think they were gone a little over an hour, when they got back, it was most dark.  When I saw them coming back, I saw there were two men in it, they kind of halted and stood up in the boat.  When they got back where I was, by the dock, I said "Where is Pound?"  The old man and the young man too, said "they had got him right where they wanted him".  The old man said so, and the young man said "we have".  The old man spoke and said "there is one thing I'll tell you, if you ever speak about it or lisp it I will shoot you" and Melvin Fuller says "yes, I will".  They made me promise I wouldn't tell of it because they would shoot me.  Now, says the young man "Father I'll start for home on the lake shore, to screen my shoulders, so that I can be a witness for you".  That was the last I saw of Melvin Fuller.  I recollect they also said "we've got him where we want him, we guess he won't appear as a witness against us at Grand Haven at trial.  If I've got to go to Jackson, I may as well go for an old sheep as a lamb".  I took the axe out of the boat and throwed it into the wagon and took it home. When we got started, the old man Fuller said, "he never would appear to him again because he had him well staked down in the mud".  Then I asked him where he put him.  He told me. "near the mouth of Pine Creek in the mud and grass.  I staked him down good and pulled some mud and grass on the stake". I said "that is a serious thing for any man to do".  Yes, he said, "but I had to do it or go to Jackson".  Then he told me again, that they would shoot me just as quick as they could see me if I ever said a word about it.  I asked "did you get anything?"  He said "I got enough to pay the expenses" or "pay me for my troubles".  Last Saturday Melvin Fuller threatened to shoot me again.  He said, "Don't you never open your mouth, nor speak about it, nor lisp it, if you do I'll shoot you and I've got the tools right here" and he pulled a pistol out of his pocket.  Some time after the accident he told me he had borrowed that gun of George Adams to shoot Pound with because he came eaves dropping around his house nights.  Now said he, I didn't shoot Pound.  I've got it well loaded for to shoot you if you ever open your head about it.  I asked what did you do with what was on him.  He said, we chucked 'em in the mud.  He did not tell me how they killed him."

Eventually, by autumn of the same year, John Fuller changed his plea to guilty.  It's worth mentioning here that both Fullers were denied bail at the inquest and had been jailed up until now. Compare his statement from October 26, 1875 to that of John Watson above:

"My name is John H. Fuller; I am the man who was charged, with my son, Melvin C. Fuller, with the murder of Wilson Pound on the 5th of last June.  I wash to make a statement of my connection with the murder. Previous to the 5th of June there had no plans been made for his disposal; but he was unpopular in our vicinity and the neighbors often talked about wishing him out of the way.  I remember hearing Watson and a man named Van Dusen talk about Pound; they thought it would be better for the neighborhood if he was knocked over; they thought he was a bad man.

On the morning of June 5th we calculated to go fishing; Watson told me to see Pound and tell him.  Watson, Pound, Melvin and myself were going; I was not going with the others in the team but was going from my place to Holland City on the railroad with a gang of section men.  I had previously had a cow killed on the track and we were to go and view her body to see about damages and I was to meet the fishing party at the lake.  While I was talking with the railroad men on the evening of Friday, the 4th of June, about going to Holland with them next morning, Pound came along and I told him about it; told him Watson would come along with a team and take him to the creek; Van Dusen was with us at this time.  On Saturday morning Watson and Pound started for the lake.  I started in about half an hour, I should think.  I had on the same clothes I now wear.

I went to Holland in the morning and in the afternoon I went from there to Pine Creek, I think I got there about 4 o'clock p.m.  There was no one on the dock when I got there but Watson soon made his appearance from a lot of logs south of the dock, where he had been fishing; Melvin was with Kordux's boys at that time, I think.  I took a hook and line from Watson and fished some time; he said Pound had gone home because he had no bait.  While we were on the dock I saw Pound up the lake on the shore and Watson then said maybe he had not gone home, but was hunting.  About that time Melvin came on the dock and we talked about his going to Grand Haven the following week; I told him I was not well and Melvin said I had better go home.  He told me to go in the team and he would go on foot.  He then started up the lakeshore and was not there again that night; this was about sundown. Soon after Melvin left, Watson said to me "It's a good time to put old Pound in the lake".  I did not say anything but we soon got into the boat, Pound got in first, Watson in the middle of the boat and I in the stern.  Watson, who had the oars, pulled up the creek towards Pine Bay.  After we got nearly to the head of the lake, Watson dropped the oars, took and axe, which was in the boat and struck Pound on the head two or three times.  The first blow knocked him down I think and he fell over the side of the boat with part of his body in the water.  Watson then clinched him, drew him back into the boat and began to strip off his clothes; said he would keep the clothes in the boat and duck the body in the marsh.

I was so frightened by what had been done that I could hardly stand but Watson said if I did not help he would kill me also.  Watson took all the money and papers that were in Pound's clothes and put them in his own pocket.  We dumped the body out and then went ashore and built a fire.  I told Watson that the body would float unless it was fastened down and we cut a stake and went back to where it was and drove it over one of the legs; that did not seem to keep it down so Watson took a knife and cut it so as to let the wind out; we then stuck the clothing in the mud at different points and went ashore.  Soon after this we went home.  

The next Monday Watson said we had better go down and see if the body was all right so I got a boat from a man name (unreadable) and we went.  During all that time we were in the boat, Melvin was not with us; he had gone to Cottrell's and did not get home till Sunday evening.  I never told him anything about the murder, or that I had a hand in it, until yesterday".

There you have it, Watson's word against Fuller's word.  Either way, in both versions, Fuller had complete knowledge of the crime and had the motive to kill Mr. Pound.  I believe he, along with his son, murdered Mr. Pound. By confessing his part in the crime, Mr. Fuller was able to make a statement, enabling him to testify on behalf of his son, incriminate himself and attempt to clear his son while implicating others.  On October 29th, the jurors reached a verdict on Melvin Fuller-Not Guilty- while his father was sentenced to life imprisonment "and forthwith taken to Jackson by Sheriff Woltman (2)".  Melvin Fuller "went forth a free but branded man".(3)

The following are editorial remarks from The Holland City News, November 6, 1975.

The excitement connected with the trial of the Fullers has greatly subsided here and given way to a general feeling of disappointment and contempt with the verdict of the jury acquitting Melvin C. Fuller.  It is in fact expecting too much of this or any other community that they would sacrifice their firm belief based upon tolerably accurate knowledge of all the circumstances and incidents connected with this atrocious murder, for the intelligence and joint opinion of a set of men, who in spite of the general and widespread information which in our days is given to a crime like the murder of Pound, had not heard sufficiently about it to be disqualified. The liberality with which these men were allowed to roam amongst a public where men of influence were very freely in the expression of their individual opinions of innocence, even in the presence of those sworn to be influenced by nothing else except the law and the evidence is a matter which could stand some explanation.
The result leaves the authorities and "The People" in a dilemma as to what course to pursue with their man Watson.  According to the theory upon which the verdict of the jury must have been based, as set forth by the old man Fuller-while on the witness stand and not since-the former must be equally guilty with him.  This theory cannot be accepted by the prosecution unless they intend to acknowledge the correctness of the verdict and the error of their position during the entire proceedings against the acquitted.  This they cannot and should not do; neither do we believe that the public demand or expect this.  The extent however of Watson's connection with the planning of the murder can be ascertained somewhat from his own statement.  Whether the prosecution are possessed of any other proof outside of that volunteered by the Fullers, we do not know.
The "not guilty" Melvin is still in custody and held to answer the charge of breaking up the railroad track.  But in this connection it should be remembered that the main witness, Wilson Pound, has been disposed of (a fact which we are still left at liberty to believe thanks to an oversight in the verdict of the jury) and upon whose evidence the prosecution relied mainly for conviction.
On the whole it is a very unsatisfactory state of affairs, indeed.
Melvin Fuller, date unknown. 

Melvin Fuller, date unknown. 

And the fate of John S. Watson?  So far, I have found three sources of any help: Chicago newspaper Daily Inter Ocean, October 30, 1875, page two says "Watson will be arrested and tried at the next term of court", the ebook History of Ottawa County, Michigan (link below) states "Watson was released after 4 months in jail"(3) and Grand Rapids Press July 11, 1903 ran a "Do You Remember When" story and reported "Watson left the country shortly after trial". Currently I am still researching these characters and, believe it or not, every day I find additional foul information that keeps me shaking my head...but that's for next month.

Notes: (1) Holland City News, July 24, 1875.

          (2) Holland City News, October 30, 1875.

          (3) History of Ottawa County, Michigan, Chicago, HR Page & Co, 1882, page 124.

               

Next month: 

John H. Fuller: The beginning

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Infamous John H. Fuller

During Christmas week when my children, parents and sibling's family were visiting us in Jackson we went on the Historic Prison Tour.  Michigan's first state prison was constructed in 1842 on approximately 20 acres.  Overcrowding was almost always an issue until two new Michigan prisons were built in 1876.  By 1926, the massive structure, Southern Michigan State Prison, was builtand quickly became the largest walled prison in the world, holding 6,000 inmates.

da463447-54b9-404f-a57b-40f14cfc298c_l.jpg

Michigan's first state prison in Jackson.

At this point you are probably wondering how this prison is significant to the content of this blog and website.  John H. Fuller, my third great-grandfather on the Hiller side (see Pedigree Charts),  was inmate #823 from October 1875 through September 30, 1880.  He was also a murderer. First, I will explore the incident that led up to the murder then in subsequent months, the murder itself,  as well as the details of John H. Fuller's life-The Beginning-before it went off the rails, pun intended (you'll understand as you read on) and The End.

On June 14, 1871, John Fuller a family man and farmer, along with his son Melvin, made the fateful decision to seek their own justice on the Michigan Lake Shore Railroad for two of their cattle killed on the railroad tracks.  Father and son were charged with "having on the 14th day of June 1871 at the Township of Holland in said county with force and arms felonious and maliciously by then and there loosened and displaced two rails of the Michigan Lake Shore Railroad with intent to endanger the life and safety of the persons traveling and upon said railroad" as the charges are listed in the official Ottawa County court document dated May 4, 1875. According to testimony by John Fuller's father-in-law, Walter Trobridge, the two cattle were killed in April or May of 1871 and Mr. Fuller's attempts at compensation  from the railroad were unsuccessful and "swore that he would rip up the railroad tracks and learn the railroad not to run over his cattle".

The court papers assert that indeed, on June 15, 1871, a 60 passenger coach with passengers, baggage car, engine and tender ran off the railroad tracks which were located on Mr. Wilson Pound's property.  Nelson Jordan, conductor at the time, stated in his testimony "As soon as we came to a stop I went off the train and forward to the engine.  I saw that the engine, baggage car and coaches were all off and the rails torn up.  I gave orders to the engineer to put his fires out and we go back and ascertain the course of the accident.  I went back and found the straps had been taken off the joints of the rails and that the rails had been wedged apart with a wooden wedge and spread apart of which the train ran off and tore up about 250 feet of rails and left us a wreck".

Mr. Wilson Pound, whose property was adjoining the John Fuller property, apparently had considerable knowledge of the act perpetrated by the Fullers and became a lead witness during the intial court inquiry on May 11, 1875.  He happened to be visiting the Fuller house the night before the destruction of the track and heard the Fuller's concocting their plan right down to being asked if he had any iron wedges or had knowledge of any trees on his property near the tracks that could be felled onto the tracks.  As I was reading his complete testimony from this initial court inquiry as well as a number of accounts of other witnesses who recalled John Fuller saying he would tear up the tracks, I was a bit perplexed why Mr. Pound was labeled as the lead witness.  Then I found a newspaper write-up in the Holland City News dated June 26, 1875.  Wilson Pound knew more about he case than he revealed in his initial testimony, quoting the newspaper-"Unnoticed by the Fullers at the time he had witnessed the entire transaction and had seen them engaged in removing the rail and wedging it in watching them at a short distance from behind a stump".  Certainly explains how Mr. Pound became the lead witness.Unfortunately for Wilson Pound, "this fact had reached their (Fullers) ears" and soon became motivation for the murder.

Even Miss Mary Fuller, John Fuller's daughter and Melvin Fuller's sister, and only 16 at the time, was required to testify.  Mary testified that her father had "a yoke of oxen killed by the railroad in 1871" and that her father was in Holland until supper time the day before the derailment and then burning brush in the "fallow" until 10:00 pm. that evening.  After washing dishes, Mary, her mother, Melvin and Melvin's wife went into the fallow as well.  She further testifies that she had no idea what Melvin was doing all day but did see him at supper and when he joined them in the fallow.  Regardless, it is with certainty that John and Melvin Fuller, together, found time to destroy the tracks the day before the derailment.  And this brings us to the next crime-the murder of Wilson Pound.

Mr. Wilson Pound was described as an "eccentric old bachelor residing in North Holland in a little cabin "(Migenweb.org).  On June 18, 1875 the Jackson Citizen Patriot newspaper  contained this report:  Man Missing:  Wilson Pound, living four miles north of Holland, has been missing since June 5th.  he was a bachelor, aged about 50, and reported rich living entirely alone.  He is said to have gone fishing with certain parties, and was also a witness in an important criminal prosecution now pending in the Circuit Court.  From the circumstances, foul play is suspected". Foul play to be sure and it was on June 5, 1875, that John Fuller, Melvin Fuller and a neighbor, John S. Watson, plotted, planned and then lured Mr. Pound to Pine Creek Bay, hit him about his head with the head part of an axe, then staked his body to the bottom of the creek where it remained for 18 days before being found. The Holland City News on June 26, 1875 writes: "The suspicions indirectly set forth in our last, relative the sudden sad mysterious disappearance of Wilson Pound, have been verified by a revelation of facts and circumstances which will place the murder of Wilson Pound among the most atrocious and diabolical crimes ever perpetrated in this part of the State.  John H. Fuller and Melvin C. Fuller, father and son, today stand indicted by the public among whom they have lived for several years, as cold-blooded murderers and villains of the deepest dye".

Next month:  The Infamous John H. Fuller: The Murder

 

 

 

 

 

Pension Records: Are they worth $50? You Bet They Are!

Well, looking back at the previously posted Christian Hiller's Three-Part Civil War Story, I really thought I had obtained all the pertinent records to complete that narrative.  Wrong!  Recently, after filing a Freedom of Information Act request, my mail carrier delivered a large envelope containing 116 pages of Christian Hiller's pension records: service records including hospitalizations, diagnosis, physician records, affidavits by neighbors and fellow service men, marriage certificate and widow's pension records.  Basically, a mother-lode of genealogy documentation covering 1889, when Christian first applied for disability pension, until June 1944 when his widow Isabelle died. That's 55 years!  The information contained in this packet is invaluable, helping me to timeline Christian's life and mesh the events with those previously known.

Christian Hiller's Pension Records

Pensions for Civil War Union Soldiers began with the Act of July 14, 1862

Christian Hiller circa 1922-1925.  His sister Barbara Hiller is on his left, wife Isabelle is middle on first row and on her left is her sister Mary Jane Henderson also known as "Aunt Mate".  Photo taken in Lake Odessa, Michigan at Aunt Mate's home.  Notice Christian's eyes, they appear this way in all the photographs I have of him. 

Pensions for Civil War Union Soldiers began with the Act of July 14, 1862 started the pension system for soldiers who sustained war related disabilities, injuries or death and were available to widows, children under 16 years of age and dependant relatives.  Many additions to this act would occur over years and as each of these acts were passed, Christian re-applied for additional monies. Christian's first application wasn't until January 7, 1889 however after reading all the records it is clear that at the conclusion of his military service he was disabled.

While near Acworth, Georgia (during the Atlanta Campaign) Christian was hospitalized for typhoid fever which "left him with eye trouble and disease of stomach and chronic diarrhea and scurvy".  He was admitted to Hospital 1 Division in Chattanooga on June 15, 1864.  Transferred to No. 3 General Hospital in Nashville, Tennessee on June 17, 1864 and finally transferred to Jefferson General Hospital, Jeffersonville, Indiana on July 8, 1864 with a return to duty on August 30, 1864.  

Affidavits in support of Christian were filed by his comrades Charles Sickels, Alexander Goodall, George Bardens, James Buxton and Freeman J. Haskins as well his sister Barbara Hiller and neighbor Maria Seybold as testimony to his health troubles.  Included in the envelope of pension application papers were numerous "surgeon's certificate" reports.  Examination by a physician was mandatory every year or two for continuation or increase in pension.  The first exam is dated June 15, 1892 listing him in "just fair health" at 48 years old, 5'8" tall and 125 pounds.  The physician would use a rating system to determine disability; 0/18 would be no disability, 18/18 full disability.  Christian was rated  "6/18 for chronic diarrhea and stomach trouble, 0/18 for disease of eyes and 4/18 for scurvy and loss of teeth" for a total of 10/18 which placed him in the half disabled category.  Almost four years after his initial applications, on November 4, 1893, Christian was granted invalid pension in the amount of $4.00 per month (equal to $101 in 2017) prorated to the original application date.

In 1894 Christian applied for a reopening of his original claim for invalid pension (more information can be found here Civil War Pensions) and this is the first time we learn the details regarding the onset of his diseases.  Following is a transcript taken from his Declaration of Invalid Pension March 8, 1894 where Private Hiller was near Acworth, Georgia about the middle of June 1864:

"was taken sick and had the Typhoid Fever and sent to the hospital at Nashville, Tennessee and then sent to Jefferson, Indiana U.S. Hospital and long in September was sent to my regiment again and going from Nashville, Tennessee  to Atlanta, Georgia riding on top of cars with other soldiers and we were guarding some bounty jumpers and being on the top of the cars quite close to the engine and against a head wind the smoke and cinders blew in our eyes and irritated them badly and not having fully recovered from Typhoid Fever and fever settling in my eyes left them very weak and sore causing them to weep and run and discharge from which disability I have never recovered and which have constantly been getting worse and worse to the present time"

Over the years his pension would increase but not without personal expense and multiple reapplications.  By 1907, old age itself was considered a disability and Christian no longer need to show proof of disability.  When he died in October 1918 his pension was $38 per month.   His wife Isabelle made her Declaration For Widow's Pension and was granted $25 per month in February 1919 which was eventually increased to $40 by 1928.

When we think about the death toll of the War of the Rebellion most Americans believe battle wounds and injury took the lives of the majority of men.  However,  the Civil War Trust estimates that for every three soldiers killed in battle, five soldiers died of disease. For every three solderers who died of typhoid fever, only one survived;  Private Hiller was lucky.  The disease killed 35,000 Union troops.  Germ theory and antiseptic practices were essentially unknown.  Camps were breeding grounds for typhoid fever, rheumatic fever, dysentery, pneumonia, measles, mumps and tuberculosis. Typical treatment for many of these illnesses was "blue mass" or "blue pill", handmade pills containing mercury, licorice root and confection of roses.

 I won't delve into the disease, symptoms and complications of typhoid fever or mercury poisoning here,  I have included links below.  Yet what I will ponder are my second great-grandfather's  personal health struggles directly related to his service to this country as related through the surgeon's certificate report.  Christian's effects from typhoid fever included chronic diarrhea, chronic proctitis, abdominal pain and bloating.  He developed scurvy while in the hospital recuperating from typhoid fever; mostly like due to lack of appetite and by 1892 he had lost all but 13 of his teeth.  He complained about his eyes for years, never receiving any direct disability compensation for the issue.  The United States Pension System wasn't perfect and the truth is that by 1893 there were over a million men (40% of the government's revenue) on the roll and probably meant Christian would never receive all the monies in which he was entitled.  Reflectively, this makes me really appreciate my ancestor's sacrifice during and after his service.  Christian persevered and managed to run a farm, with the help of his 2 sons, despite his chronic and debilitating health issues for 54 years.  His official cause of death listed on his death certificate is valvular heart disease, he was 74.

Interesting fact, as of May 2016 there was still one beneficiary from the Civil War alive and receiving benefits!

References and Additional Reading

Overview of National Archive Pension Papers

Typhoid Fever During the War of the Rebellion

History of the Union Federal and Confederate State Pension Systems

Civil War Diseases

Blue Mass

Civil War Beneficiary

Grandma Hiller's Cheese Strudel Recipe......well, sort of.

Phyllo dough cheese strudel after baking.

With the holiday season upon us, my earliest childhood memories of this time includes my Grandmother serving her apple and cheese strudel.  I remember watching her hand stretch the strudel dough with the back side of her hands (she had rheumatoid arthritis and this technique was easier for her) until it was paper thin.  Stretching was complete when the dough hung off the sides of our large dining room table.  It's time consuming and tricky to accomplish this without poking holes in the dough.  So, I am offering an alternative no self-respecting Slovenian would consider...or so I thought.  Prepared phyllo pastry dough!  In Heike Milhench's cookbook Flavors of Slovenia she offers a recipe for both the apple and cheese strudel using phyllo pastry dough.  I won't be posting her recipes since that would be rude and more importantly illegal but I highly recommend purchasing the cookbook as a gift for your favorite Slovenian foodie.  The author nicely blends history, photos and recipes in this entertaining collection of Central Europe cookery.  And so, I decided to blend my Grandma's filing recipe (because it's the best) with the author's idea to use phyllo dough and the result didn't disappoint.  Below are both the original recipes for both strudels as well as the directions for the phyllo dough strudel.

Grandma Hiller's Cheese and Apple Strudel

Dough Recipe:

3 cups flour

1 teaspoon salt

2 tablespoons oil

1 beaten egg

1 cup warm water

melted butter

Put flour in bowl and make a well. Mix water, salt, oil and egg together then add to flour.  Knead until smooth and silky about 15 minutes.  Oil dough and place in a bowl.  Cover and rest 1 hour in a warm place.  Place dough in center of floured table cloth.  Using a rolling pin, roll until 30 x 40 inches.  Brush melted butter over dough.  Place hands under the dough and begin pulling from middle outward until the dough is stretched out over the table (or until approximately 3' x 5') edges.  Work slow to avoid tears as it is hard to repair them once the dough gets paper thin.  Trim off thick edges of dough.  Brush with melted butter.  Now you are ready to add the filling, choose your favorite below.

Cheese Filling Recipe:

2 lbs small curd cottage cheese, strain if necessary.  I use Michigan Brand because it's

thick and doesn't need to be strained.

2 eggs beaten

2 tablespoons flour

1 cup sugar

2 tablespoons lemon juice

Mix all ingredients together.

Spread the cheese mixture on half of the dough, lengthwise.  Start rolling lengthwise on the filling side by lifting the tablecloth slowly to aid in rolling.  This job is best accomplished with helpers for an even roll!  Place the long roll of strudel in a greased jellyroll pan by laying it up and down the length of the pan.  Brush with butter.  Bake 350 degrees for about 1 hour.  Cool in pan and sprinkle with powdered sugar.

Apple Filling Recipe:

11 small or 6 large apples, peeled and sliced

1/2 cup buttered bread crumbs.  Do this by adding a small amount of melted butter to the crumbs and combine.

1 cup sugar

Cinnamon

Sprinkle the bread crumbs on the dough.  Spread apples evenly over half the dough.  Sprinkle with sugar and cinnamon over entire area.  Roll using same technique as in cheese filling as well as laying in the greased jellyroll pan.  Brush with butter.  Bake 350 degrees for about 1 hour. Cool in pan and sprinkle with powdered sugar.

Cheese Strudel Recipe Using Phyllo Dough

1 package phyllo dough.  One package will make about 6 small loaves.

Cheese Filling as above however cut ingredients in half, so 1 lb of cottage cheese, 1 egg beaten,

1. Brushing the phyllo with melted butter.

1 tablespoon of flour, 1/2 cup sugar and 1 tablespoon lemon juice.

Melted butter and pastry brush.

(I used 5 sheets of phyllo dough for each loaf but 4 will work just fine too.)

Take 1 sheet of phyllo dough, lay flat and brush with melted butter.  Top with second sheet and repeat process until you have 4 or 5 sheets.

2. Add the cheese mixture like this.

Add some of the cheese mixture, approximately 1/3 cup, as show in the photo.  Fold in both the side about a half inch and the end closest to the filling as well as seen in photo 3.  Begin rolling at the cheese end and place strudel in greased jellyroll pan.  Repeat the process until you have used all the cheese mixture.  Bake at 350 degrees for about 25-30 minutes.

Dober Tek!

3.  Folding in the sides.

4. Rolling the strudel.

Johann Thielen

Johan was born in Appeldorn, Rheinland, Prussia in 1843 to Wilhelm and Johanna (Verhaaren) Thielen. Today, Appeldorn is located on the western border of Germany near The Netherlands.  The family's 2½ month journey to America began near the first of October 1854 aboard the ship Florence in Rotterdam.  Twenty days into the voyage, Johan's sister Elisabeth, age 5, died.

My only photo of John and his wife Catherine, date unknown.

Still grieving, Johann, his parents and siblings-Heinrich, Theodor, Wilhelm, Gertrude arrived in New York City on 15 December 1854 and simply walked off the ship; the first immigrant processing center in New York City, Castle Garden, would not open until August 1, 1855.  Various piers though out the city were used for passenger arrivals before this time. To protect future immigrants, Congress passed two acts in 1855; one to protect passenger health and welfare on ships and another creating an immigrant processing center to safeguard passenger from fraud as well as other services.

Wilhelm Thielen naturalization record.

An 1855 naturalization record filed in Racine by Wilhelm is evidence that the family quickly relocated to Wisconsin after arriving in the United States and by 1860 the US Federal Census shows the family living and farming in Caledonia, a small village in Racine County.

At the age of 18, on November 16, 1862 Johann enlisted in the 34th Wisconsin Regiment Infantry and was assigned to Company D.  The regiment organized at Camp Washburn in Milwaukee and mustered in on December 31, 1862.  Thirty days later they left Wisconsin and arrived at Fort Halleck in Columbus, Kentucky where the regiment performed camp and guard duty.  Johan's service in the Civil War ended on April 16, 1863 when he was discharged due to disability (Currently investigating exactly what type of disability).

One of the sample shoes Johann used to show customers, handed down through the years.  Currently, in the safekeeping of my cousin Kathy.

Johann married his beautiful bride, Catherine Kramer, on June 1, 1869 and made their home in the City of Racine, the southwest corner of Buchanan and St. Patrick Streets) sharing a home with his mother and father.  Johann Thielen was a shoemaker by trade, his business located just three blocks from his home on Kewaunee and Wisconsin Streets.  His granddaughter, Genevieve, wrote her remembrances of her grandparents and their home and offers valuable insight:

"Being only a short block from St. Joseph’s Church and school, I used to stop to see them either with my mother after Sunday Vespers or on my way home from school.  The first thing you saw was a big white house and a chain fence surrounding it, there were lilac bushes and to the left a large flower garden with every kind of flowers you can think of.  Some of my favorites were Snapdragons, carnations and bleeding hearts.  Next to the house was a shed where food was kept in the winter months and a cistern (well) where rainwater was stored.  At the back edge of the lot was the “out house” with three different sized holes and an old catalog across a long board where one could perform their “duty”.  I didn’t care to use this too often, especially when it was cold out.  In the back of the house was a large vegetable garden, an apple, plum and mulberry tree and grape vine.

Most of our visiting time was spent in the kitchen and sometimes I’d watch my Grandpa repair a shoe on a machine that stood in the corner.

Someone would always get me a drink of water by using the hand pump on the sink.

My mother took me upstairs once to show me the bedroom she used to sleep in.

There were two more and three downstairs.

The living room was closed off most of the time except when used during a wake for a deceased family member or when Grandpa, who played a violin beautifully, and my mother did likewise on the piano that stood along one wall of the rather small room.

Grandpa seemed kind of short and cute with his well-kept pointed beard and

John Thielen's naturalization petition, page 1.

Grandma a bit pudgy but always smiling and offering cookies and a bit of homemade wine.

We children sat quietly on chairs while the elders talked and no roaming around the house.

Although I was in eighth grade when Grandpa died on December 2, 1929 at 86 years of age and a sophomore in high school when Grandma died on May 5, 1931 at 79 years of age, I can’t remember their cause of death or funeral mass."

Naturalization petition, page 2

While researching Johann, or John as he would become known after immigrating, I found an interesting fact- he didn't apply for United States citizenship until 1927, that's 73 years after he arrived in the United States and two years before he died!  And after reading over his Petition for Naturalization I found out why; he thought he was already a citizen.  Here's the story:  Approximately 1917 he served as a witness for another individual who was applying for citizenship and told he was NOT a citizen himself.  Although he had resided in the United States for 63 years at that time and served in the Civil War he still wasn't considered a citizen.  Yet, here's the irony of the situation, he was already a citizen through his father's application in 1855 (shown above) and because of the surname misspelling and the fact that

Naturalization petition, page 3.

before 1906 names of wives and children were not included on the naturalization application would have made it difficult if not impossible to prove his citizenship.  Clearly citizenship was important to him and he did eventually become a citizen on April 17, 1928.  My great-great grandfather was a United States Citizen for a total of 19 months and 15 days!  John died on December 2, 1929 of chronic endocarditis (inflammation of the inner layer of the heart) and is buried in Racine, Wisconsin at Holy Cross Catholic Cemetery.

Although I didn't know him, his perseverance to become a citizen of this great country is inspiring, especially at a time when so many natural born citizens are grumbling.  Here's a man who immigrated, worked hard to start his own business, paid his taxes, fought in a war and was disabled in that war and after 63 years was told he still was not considered a citizen. Not disheartened, he took up the task and applied for citizenship in the last years of his life. That's what I call determination and grit.

John Thielen Family memorial stone, Holy Cross Cemetery, Racine, Wisconsin.

References

Genealogy Naturalization Information

Christian Hiller and the Michigan 9th Infantry, Final Installment

Last month we left off with Christian in Nashville where he learned the news of President Lincoln's assassination.  Furthermore, I was awaiting Christian's army service records from the National Archive, which did arrive, so I will attempt to weave the two previous posts together with what I now know about Private Hiller's actual movements during this time frame.

Much better scan of previously posted photo of Christian G. Hiller, circa 1864.

Four months after Christian's enlistment, on June 5, 1864, he was admitted to the hospital in Chattanooga, Tennessee.  The Company Muster Roll reveals that he was marked as "absent" for a portion of May/June Roll and all of July/August Roll.  The hospital bed card found with his service records indicates that Christian was admitted to Jefferson General Hospital in Jeffersonville, Indiana  July 9, 1864 with typhoid fever  as a transfer from Nashville Hospital No. 3.  There are no records showing his transfer from Chattanooga to Nashville, however.

Jefferson General Hospital. Christian was in Ward 15, Bed 18 while recuperating with typhoid fever.

Private Hiller recovered and returned to service on August 30, 1864 and recorded as "present"  for the next year.  On August 20, 1865 he was granted a 30 day furlough which brought him right up to his muster-out date of September 15, 1865.

Looking back on the first two posts, this would mean Christian was absent during most of the Atlanta Campaign. Since the muster rolls do not indicate the location of his return, Atlanta, Chattanooga or Nashville would all be likely possibilities.  Eventually, however, all roads led to Nashville with this regiment where he would have been by the end of March, 1865, just two weeks before President Lincoln's assassination.   Christian choose to spend his furlough, mentioned above, in Michigan and was given train passage of $11.58.  His last service pay date is listed as April 30, 1865 yet he remained on active duty until September 15, 1865, his official muster-out date.  Apparently this was quite common although while researching I have not found a reason, so far.

Located in Jackson, Michigan on Wildwood Street, known as Territorial Road during the Civil War.

This brings us to Camp Blair one of only a few rendezvous points and discharging stations in Michigan, located Jackson.  What a surprise to learn my great grandfather mustered out of a military camp in my current hometown!  Any remnants of the Camp are long gone, torn down shortly after the war ended.   An historical sign was dedicated at the location on 22 July, 2007 and is the only hint of the property's significance.  Christian was present at Camp Blair on September 28, 1865 and according to his Detachment Muster-Out Roll he owed the United States Government $ 13.86 toward his clothing account, his Bounty Pay was $180 and he was due $120 (see additional information below regarding soldier pay).  Also, included below are the complete service records of Private Hiller obtained from the National Archives.

Camp Blair, circa April 1865.

Delving into my great-great-grandfather's Civil War record and being able to share his story with you has been a privilege.  Undoubtedly, you've learned more about the Michigan 9th and their influence on The War of the Rebellion.  Of larger importance, to me, however is that Christian's story has been retold after long forgotten.

Christian Hiller and the Michigan 9th Infantry, Part Two

Last month we left off with the Michigan 9th Infantry in the middle of the Atlanta Campaign and marching toward Atlanta.  Remember, the 9th was provost guard to General George H. Thomas and his headquarters, a position that was envied by their peers because their general location was away from the front lines. Between August 30 and September 1, 1864 the regiment found themselves in the strategically located town of Jonesboro, Georgia approximately 20 miles south of Atlanta.

Union troops destroying Macon & Western Railroad tracks. (The 9th took an active part in destroying the railroads here).

The  Macon & Western Railroad, situated in the town, was an important Confederate supply route into Atlanta and the target of Union troops. The Battle of Jonesboro was a lopsided, two day battle, 70,000 Union troops to 20,000 rebels.  Once Jonesboro fell, Atlanta followed.  Over 1,600 prisoners were taken and sent north on trains, 500 a day, and guarded by members of the 9th and two other regiments under the command of Colonel Parkhurst(1).

Historians recognize this as one of the decisive turning points in our nation's history which set in motion Abraham Lincoln's re-election two months later.

On September 8, the 9th marched to Atlanta "and went into a very comfortable camp in the north part of the city, and resumed its duties as provost guards which became quite arduous"(2).  Frank Lester of Company C wrote "

Atlanta, Monday, October 24.  The regiment is still with General Thomas' Headquarters.  The boys are interested in the coming election.  Every loyal soldier will vote for Lincoln.  The rebels want McClellan elected and when our prisoners heard he had been nominated they gave him three cheers"(3).

While General Thomas had previously left for Nashville to organize an army to oppose Confederate General John B. Hood, the Michigan 9th along with the 22nd left for Chattanooga on October 31 with headquarters train (train in this case means a walking procession and not an actual railroad train) and office equipment which included 96 wagons and 6 mule teams and 32 ambulances.  The tedious, muddy march lasted six days before arriving in Chattanooga November 6 in time to give all the rank over the age of 21 to "vote for Lincoln"(4) on Tuesday, November 8.  It is worth noting here that Christian Hiller was not yet of voting age, he was only 20, which I imagine would have been a huge disappointment for him to not be able to vote.  Lincoln won 55% of the popular vote but 90.99% of the electoral college votes(4).

With General Thomas and Colonel Parkhurst both in Nashville (read more about The Battle of Nashville) the 9th was left as part of the encampment to hold Chattanooga throughout the winter.  "The guard duty of the never-to-be-forgotten winter campaign at Chattanooga, with Hood's despairing forces preying upon our outskirts, was arduous in the extreme". (5)  However, as winter eased, Christian and the 9th arrived in Nashville by rail on March 29, 1865 and assigned to General Thomas' headquarters once again as well as at the military prison there.

On April 9, just 11 days after Christian's arrival in Nashville, Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse. Five days later President Lincoln would be shot and one day later he would die.

Frank Lester, a soldier in the 9th and member of Company C, wrote his account of the terrible news:

"Nashville, April 16, 1865

Yesterday morning there was to have been a grand military parade here and at night an illumination of the city.  That morning the flags floated from every house and everyone was rejoicing over the good news of Lee's surrender.  Just then the news came that the President was dead-that he had been assassinated!  Then everything was in turmoil.  No one believed it at first and the men rushed to the telegraph office and to Headquarters to learn if it was true.  Everyone was dumbfounded and did not know what to say.  At noon every flag

Nashville Daily Union newspaper, April 15, 1865, Second Edition.

was at half mast and was tied with black crepe.  All the business places in the city were closed and every military headquarters was a place of mourning.  There were several men shot by guards because they rejoiced over the death of Lincoln.  A strong patrol was kept through the city all night".

Nashville, April 23.

 There was a grand display here on Wednesday, the 19th.  All the soldiers in the city led the procession, then came Gen. Thomas and his staff and others with their staffs, then the hearse-wagon drawn by twelve horses, one black and one white horse in each span.  The wagon had three platforms.  On the top one was the Stars and Stripes.  The wagon was trimmed with black and white.  After this came the fire companies and all the other societies, and then came the citizens.  It was estimated that there were 40,000 in the procession, as it took an hour and 40 minutes to pass a given point.  The soldiers all mourn the loss of Lincoln, our great martyred leader." (6)

So, there it is, the war is over and their leader dead at the hands of a Confederate sympathizer.  Grief, anger, and vengeance felt on the Union side; jubilance on the Confederate side.  Many thought it was a hoax or rumor.  You have to wonder what both side thought the future would bring.

We've followed Christian from Michigan to Chattanooga, the Siege on Atlanta, back to Chattanooga and on to Nashville where he hears the joyous news of surrender and the fateful news of Lincoln's assassination.  I intended for Christian's Civil War story to be a two-part entry however, since I am still waiting on material from the National Archive and would like to chronicle his life from May through his discharge from military service in September, I will be making the third and last post in September on this subject.  See you next month!

References & Footnotes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonesboro,_Georgia

Macon & Railroad, Harper's Weekly, October 1, 1864

 (1), (2, 5 page 41) Historical Sketches of the Michigan 9th Infantry

(4) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1864

(3) Frank Lester, Company C, page 41 9th Michigan 9th Infantry Roster

(6 Frank Lester, Company C page 42 9th

Michigan 9th Infantry Roster

Life of Major General George H. Thomas by Van Horne

1864 Campaign Poster

Christian Hiller and the Michigan 9th Infantry

Note:  For the purposes of this blog, I will begin the history of the Michigan 9th Volunteer Infantry with Private Hiller's enlistment  until his discharge.  For complete perspective on the regiment please see any of the links below for service from November 1861-December 1863.

Christian Hiller in Civil War Union uniform, circa 1865.  Photo courtesy of Michigan Hiller Family.

Christian Hiller began his Civil War military career enlisting for 3 years in the Michigan 9th Volunteer Infantry on February 8, 1864 in Lake Odessa, Michigan.  Each company in the regiment was supplied with men from the same one or two counties (3 companies had 2 counties each) in Michigan with Christian being assigned to Company H from Ionia County.  In all, it was armed with soldiers from Macomb, Berrien, Jackson, Ionia, Wayne, Calhoun, Branch, Cass, Shiawassee, and Livingston Counties.  Considering the conflicting resources I have read, the Regiment left Coldwater on either February 10 or 20 (more likely February 10) under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Wilkinson.  Previously, the 9th had returned in January from Chattanooga where the Regiment was veteranized, 306 of these men re-enlisted.  After a 30 day furlough and the addition of about 200 newly enlisted men (one being Christian) they headed to their prior post in Chattanooga receiving their orders from General Thomas.  

Detroit Free Press, February 24, 1864

The newly re-formed 9th was off to a rocky start, however. As the Regiment's train neared Lafayette, Indiana, it ran off the track demolishing four cars and then just 25 miles later south of Indianapolis the train derailed a second time with 8 cars being smashed or tipped over "but fortunately not a man was hurt"(1).

On February 29, under the command of General George H. Thomas' Army of the Cumberland, the Regiment reported to Chattanooga and resumed provost duty (military police of the Union army) for the General as well as his headquarters as they began the Georgia Campaign (also known as the Atlanta Campaign). The following is a quote from the book "Michigan In The War" (link below)

"The 9th Infantry during a large portion of its service was the trusted body guard of General Thomas and provost guard of the Army of the Cumberland, receiving his entire confidence for courage and fidelity in the discharge of duty.  Compliments coming from such a service gives the regiment an endorsement scarcely equaled by that of any other regiment".

Quick history refresher here: The Atlanta Campaign was fought between May and September, 1864 in northwest Georgia as a series of battles ending in Union troops taking Atlanta.  When Atlanta fell on September 2, General William Tecumseh Sherman would continue his push, leaving Atlanta on November 15 in what is now famously known as "Sherman's March to the Sea".  

Atlanta Campaign showingmovements of General Thomas and the Michigan 9th while under his command.  Taken from Wikipedia page on "Atlanta Campaign" (link below).

As well as being tasked as provost guard, the regiment's other responsibility was prisoner (rebel soldier) transport on the field and on trains to the north bound for military prisons.  Significant battles between Chattanooga and Atlanta were:

May 8,  Rocky Face, Georgia "Battle of Rocky Face Ridge"

May 14, Resaca, Georgia "Battle of Resaca"

May 27, Dallas, Georgia "Battle of Dallas"

June 25, Kenesaw, Georgia "Battle of Kenesaw Mountain"

July 5-6, Chattahoochee River, Georgia "Skirmish at Pace's Ferry"

July 22-August 25, Atlanta, Georgia "Siege of Atlanta"

September 1, Jonesboro, Georgia "Battle of Jonesboro"

While researching for this topic and with regards to the Siege of Atlanta, the following extract is the only time I found reference to Company H:

"One day during the siege the headquarters camp was so near thhe front that the rebel sharp shooters and artillery recognized it as of some headquarters and directed a fire on it.  Private James Quinn, Company H, was wounded so that he died September 18.  General Thomas directed that the camp be moved to one side out of range of rebel fire"(2).  

Worthwhile to mention here, considering the Veteran's Schedule from Ancestry.com it appears Christian sustained damage to his hearing and eyes during his time in the war.

Christian Hiller, line 6, on both schedules.

Interesting side note, Christian's post office address is listed as "Rosina" which I have never heard.  Curiousity raised, a Google search resulted. Apparently, Rosina Post Office underwent a number of name changes-Richmond Corners and Lake City, and finally by 1890 when the Veteran's Schedule was taken, Rosina.  The map name for this small area/community was called Woodbury which I have heard of and exactly where Christian lived.

Next Month...

1.  What happened to the 9th after the Seige of Atlanta.

2.  Hopefully, fingers crossed, more detailed accounts from the National Archive of Christian's personal military history.

3.  Find of where Christian was when he heard the news of President Lincoln's assassination.

References and Footnotes

1, 2 

Historical Sketches of the Ninth Michigan Infantry

Georgia/Atlanta Campaign

Michigan 9th Infantry

Michigan In The War

Rosina Post Office

Where Were You When...?

"Where were you when President Lincoln was shot?"  Impossible to answer since no one living today was alive in 1865.  Many of us, however, do have answers to other similar events that have shaped the United States- "Where were you when Pearl Harbor was bombed?", "Where were you when President Kennedy was assassinated?", "Where were you when the World Trade Center went down?".    Will we tell our children, grand children and great grandchildren of our experiences during those times or will those rememberances be lost in time?

Over the next couple months I will be exploring Christian Hiller and his Civil War service in the Michigan 9th Infantry.  Beginning with July's post as an introduction to his service and then, hopefully, in August I will have received his service and pension records from the National Archives and can add more detail.  Oh, yes, and I will answer the question "Where was Christian when President Lincoln was shot?".  View the first installment on the Hiller page below, Christian Hiller and the Michigan 9th Infantry, July 31, 2017.



 

John Besack

John Besack, circa unknown.

John Besack was born in 1837 to Sebastian and Amalea (Gantner) Besack.  Both were German immigrants who arrived in New York in 1834 and settled in Lyons, Wayne County, New York.  Sometime between the birth of his brother William (1839) and Henry (1842) the family relocated to the Township of Caledonia, Racine County, Wisconsin during a time when Wisconsin was still a territory. John married Helena Seitz in 1861 in Caledonia.  Just two years later the United States Congress would pass the Civil War Conscription (or Enrollment) Act, the first wartime draft in America.  John registered in June, 1863 and was classified as "Class I" which included men aged 20-45 and aged 36-45 and unmarried.  Other classes included Class II, married men 36-45 and Class III, volunteers.  All unmarried men were taken before married men. Being drafted didn't necessarily mean you would serve in the Civil War, however.   Exceptions were allowed if you could find a substitute or pay $300 to avoid service.  This clause in the Act led to rioting in New York City as the exemptions seemed to be favored only toward the wealthiest Americans, coining the phrase "Rich Man's War, Poor Man's Fight".  Other exemptions I haven't mentioned were: men who were physically or mentally impaired, the only son of a widow, the only son of infirm parents or a widower with dependant children.  At this time I have been unable to find any service records for John, for whatever reason, and I believe he did not serve. This is not to suggest that he paid a substitute or otherwise. The reason could be as simple as all the unmarried men hadn't been drafted yet.  The answer will most likely be found in the National Archives

Records of the Provost Marshall General's Bureau 1863-1865; a list of enrollments and substitutes for each congressional district.

John listed in the Civil War draft registration, line 3.

A farmer by trade, he and Helena lived in Caledonia for the majority of their married life.  Over the years the couple had 10 children: Mary (1862), Emma (1863), Elizabeth (1864), Henry (1866), Catherine (1868), Rose (1870), John (1872), Helena (1873) my 2 times great grandmother, Odtelia (1875) and Joseph (1876). John and Odtelia did not survive to adulthood.  It seems, as the oldest son, he inherited his father's farm of approximately 43 acres in 1889 when Sebastian passed away.

John Besack obituary appearing in The Racine Daily Journal, August 21,1899.

John died on 21 August 1899 and is buried at Old Holy Cross Cemetery in Racine, block T, lot 238, grave 1.  Apoplexy (a stroke) is the listed cause of death on his death record. Looking at the Probate Records, he left an estate valued at $2,000 to his wife, Helena, which in today's dollars would be about $45,000.

John's death record.

John and Helena Besack, circa unknown. 

Location of Besack Farm in Caledonia Township, circla 1887.

Additional Information

https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1994/winter/civil-war-draft-records.html

References

Establishing a Territory

Draft Records

Conscription Act

Grandfathers Who Served

Today is Memorial Day and I thought it timely to recognize my grandfathers who have served our country.  I'm sure this list is not complete as there is ALWAYS ongoing research. Their sacrifice leaves me with lasting gratitude.

Civil War (1861-1865)

John Thielen, circa 1869.

Civil War (1861-1865) 

John Thielen (1843-1929)

 Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, 34th Regiment, Company D.  Enlisted November, 1862 at age 19 and discharged April 16, 1863 due to disability (no details).  John  immigrated to the United States from Germany in 1854 and had only been in this country for 8½ years before his enlistment.

Christian G. Hiller (1844-1918) 

Michigan 9th Infantry Regiment, Company H.  Enlisted February 10, 1864 and discharged September 28, 1865 in Jackson, Michigan.  Christian was a Germany immigrant as well, arriving in the United States at the age of 13 in 1857.  Seven years later, age 20, he would be a Union soldier.

Revolutionary War (1775-1783)

Timothy Barton (1732-1791) 

 Massachusetts Militia.  Private in Captain David Chadwick's Company marching to Bennington on alarm.  Service 5 days, discharged September 23, 1777.

Oliver Burton (1740-1813) 

Connecticut 16th Regiment.  Enlisted and served 3 months.

Samuel Kenyon (1720-1801) Noyes' Regiment, 

Rhode Island Militia, service date 26 August 1778.

John Clarke (1740-1836) 

Lieutenant and captain with Rhode Island troops.  Enlisted in Richmond, RI and served as a Lieutenant, May 1776-May1778 and Captain under Colonels Dyer and Maxon, May 1778-May1883.

Solomon Fuller (1757-1847) 

Private and sergeant with Vermont Militia.  Served as a private in Captain William Dyre's Company, October-November 1780 and sergeant in Captain Bigelow Lawrence's Company, Colonel Walbridge's Regiment.  Four days service, July 1781 and ten days service with the same company October 1781.

Elijah Fuller, father of Solomon (1724-1799)  

Vermont Militia. Private in Green Mountain Boys, Captain Brownson's Company, Colonel Warner's Regiment.

Edward Preston (1733-1823) 

Massachusetts Militia.

William Brown, Jr. (1740-?)

Massachusetts Militia, 17 April 1776.  Private in James Patch's Company of Minute Men who marched on alarm from Ipswich to Mystic.  Four days service.